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A hypertensive emergency (formerly called "malignant hypertension") is hypertension (high blood pressure) with acute impairment of one or more organ systems (especially the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and/or the renal system) that can result in irreversible organ damage. In a hypertensive emergency, the blood pressure should be slowly lowered over a period of minutes to hours with an antihypertensive agent. ==Signs and symptoms== The eyes may show retinal hemorrhage or an exudate. Papilledema must be present before a diagnosis of malignant hypertension can be made. The brain shows manifestations of increased intracranial pressure, such as headache, vomiting, and/or subarachnoid or cerebral hemorrhage. Patients will usually suffer from left ventricular dysfunction. The kidneys will be affected, resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, and acute renal failure. It differs from other complications of hypertension in that it is accompanied by papilledema. This can be associated with hypertensive retinopathy. Other signs and symptoms can include: *Chest pain *Arrhythmias *Headache *Epistaxis *Dyspnea *Faintness or vertigo *Severe anxiety *Agitation *Altered mental status *Paresthesias *Vomiting Chest pain requires immediate lowering of blood pressure (such as with sodium nitroprusside infusions), while urgencies can be treated with oral agents, with the goal of lowering the mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 20% in 1–2 days with further reduction to "normal" levels in weeks or months. The former use of oral nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, has been strongly discouraged because it is not absorbed in a controlled and reproducible fashion and has led to serious and fatal hypotensive problems. Sometimes, the term hypertensive emergency is also used as a generic term, comprising both hypertensive ''emergency'', as a specific term for a serious and urgent condition of elevated blood pressure, and hypertensive ''urgency'', as a specific term of a less serious and less urgent condition (the terminology hypertensive ''crisis'' is usually used in this sense). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hypertensive emergency」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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